As a person striving to beef up my family tree and make it more intersting I try to figure out how events in history effected my ancestors. One of the hardest things I found to find was local history information pertaining to my ancestor if I didnt live in the area. In addition to general events I have included in my timeline events from the Deep River, Ontario area to help out anyone doing research in that region. I believe we can help out other genealogy enthusiasts by making a time line for the region(s) we are doing research on. Here is my list of events in Canadian history up to 2002. Got anything to add.......

Canadian Time Line

1600s - Glasses with arms were invented

1600 - King Henry IV of France grants fur trading rights in the Gulf of St. Lawrence to a group of French merchants. Late 1500’s saw the decimation of the Iroquoian (not to be confused with Iroquois) people likely the result of disease and wars; survivors possibly join Mohawk nation

1603 - Champlain explores the Great Lakes

1605 - Champlain & Sieur de Mont found Port Royal (Annapolis. NS)
1605 - Samuel de Champlain and the Sieur de Poutrincourt found Port Royal (Annapolis, N.S.)

1606 - First theatrical production in Canada

1608 - Champlain founds Québec (July 3), creating in effect the first permanent European settlement.

1609 - Champlain supports the Algonquins against the Iroquois at Lake Champlain.

1610 - Henry Hudson explores Hudson’s Bay in spite of a mutinous crew.
1610 - Etienne Brule goes to live among the Huron arid eventually becomes the first European to see Lakes Ontario, Huron and Superior.

1615 - Champlain discovers the Great Lakes

1617 - Louis Hubert the first habitant, arrives in Quebec
He was also known also for his work as an apothecary
1617 - Louis I-Hebert, an apothecary who had stayed at Port Royal twice, brings his wife and children to Québec, thus becoming the first true habitant (permanent settler supporting his family from the soil).

1625 - Jesuits begin missionary work among the Indians in the Québec area.
1625 - Father Jean de Brief founds missions in Huronia, near Georgian Bay.

1627 – Only 100 people lived in the colony year round.

1627-1645 - The Company of One Hundred Associates (a.k.a. the Company of New France) is given a fur monopoly and title to all lands claimed by New France (April 29). In exchange, they are to establish a French colony of 4000 by 1643, which they fail to do. The Compagnie allows open trade but has monopoly over exports

1629 - The adventurer David Kirke takes Québec for Britain (July 19).
1632 - Captain James finishes his winter ordeal on Charlton Island in the bay that now bears his name; he managed to survive and return to England by sinking his ship before winter. It is doubtful that he reached Moosonee; although Moose Factory is still the area with the oldest white settlement in Ontario (fur traders).

1632 - The Treaty of Saint Germain-en-Laye gives Quebec back to France
1632 - Champlain appointed first governor of Canada

1633 - Kirke is knighted.

1634-40 - Europeans introduce diseases to Native peoples to which they have no resistance; half of the Huron die. The Huron nation is now often called Wyandot.

1634 to 1663 – Filles à Marier -about 200 single women come over financed by the church

1634-40 - The Huron nation is reduced by half from European diseases (smallpox epidemic, 1639).

1635 - Champlain dies

1635 - Kirke is named first governor of Newfoundland.

1636 – Blasphemy was punished by the person being put in the stocks

1638 – First Recorded Earth Quake in Canada
1638 – The Great Earth Quake in Quebec

1639 The first coal was mined in Canada at Grand Lake, New Brunswick.

1642 - The Sieur de Maisonneuve founds Montréal (May 18).

1644 - Wheat first sown in Canada

1644 - Labourer wages were 30¢ a day with board.

1645-1659 - Communauté des Habitants - fur monopoly

1649 The Jesuit father Jean de Brébeuf is martyred during Iroquois raids on the Hurons at St-Ignace (March 16).

1648-1649 - Final defeat of the Hurons Nation by the Iroquois

1650s - Some canoe-men are heading into the interior (illegally) and legal trade is done in Montreal at “fairs”

1657 - Communauté des Habitants fur monopoly came to an end. They were in debt and could not meet the colonies expences. The fur trade was returned to the Company of 100 Associates. (pg 44)

1658 - First girls school in Montreal

1659-1660 - Compagnie de Rouen - fur monopoly
1659 - Medard Chouart & Pierre Raisson explore the Ottawa River, Lake Superior, Ottawa Lake
1659 - Francois de Laval arrives in Québec as vicar general of the pope (June).
1659 – Typhus outbreak

1660 - Adam Dollard des Ormeaux and about sixty others withstand an attack by over 500 Iroquois at Long Sault (May). It is traditionally said that the small party fights so well that the Iroquois decide not to attack Montréal.

1661-1663 - Communaute des Habitants - fur monopoly

1662 - Medard Chouart & Pierre Raisson explore the Ottawa River, Lake Superior, Ottawa Lake financed by New Englanders

1663 - Québec becomes a royal province.

1663 to 1673 – Over 1,000, Filles du Roi or The King's Daughters, women of marriageable age were sent to New France at state expense as wards of the King between 1663 and 1673.
Families - Allowance given to families of over 10 children.
Wedding Dowries awarded to couples who marry early
(under 20 for men, under 16 for women)
Fathers were fined for having single children of marriageable age.
Men over 18, not married mst pay a special tax, and they may loose their hunting and
fishing privileges.
High birth rate but 1/5 babies died before the age of 1.
1663-1760 – Population rose from 3,000 to 7,000
¾ of the population is rural. – Farmers grew mostly wheat, oats, beans & peas.
Unsuccessful attempts were made at government expense to encourage industries such as - Shipbuilding, farming, brewing, fishing and tanning .
Sovereign Council – Men from France appointed and trained to carry out the wishes of the King. Made and enforced the laws of the King . Very few men from New France were appointed to the council.

After 1663 – Seigneurial System –
Signeur – Owned the land, granted lots to settlers, provided a mill.
Censitaires – Habitant paid annual rent, clear & farm land, maintain road near lot.
Paid tithe of 1/26 of their harvest to the church.
Signeury – rectangular pieces of land, divided into lots along the river called rangs
Church – Controlled ¼ of all the land in New France by 1760.

1665 – More Filles du Roi arrive

1666-1676 – 4,000 French settlers immigrated at government expense to New France.
1/3 of them were retiring soldiers and 1,000 were Filles du Roi.

1663 - Laval organizes the Séminaire du Québec, a college of theology, which eventually becomes Université Laval (1852).

1664 - Hans Bernhardt is the first recorded German immigrant.
1664-1674 - Compagnie des Indes - fur monopoly

1665 - Jean Talon becomes Québec’s first intendant (administrative officer overseeing agriculture, education, justice, trade, and the like).
1665 - The Carignan-Salières regiment under the Marquis de Tracy is sent from France to Québec to deal with the Iroquois.
1665 - Dutch pirates scour Newfoundland ports

1666 - The Carignian-Salieres regiment destroys five Mohawk villages and farms, eventually leading to a 20 year peace between the Iroquois and the French. The raids caused a famine for the Iroquois.

1667 Iron ore mined at Trois-Rivières.
1667 - Population records from the first census count 3,215 non-Native persons in Canada

1668 - Medard Chouart & Pierre Radisson go to Hudson`s Bay
1668 - The Carignan-Saliêres regiment is recalled to France, but several hundred choose to remain behind, many men in return for local seigneuries.

July, 1669 - La Salle sold his seigneurie and fitted out five trading canoes and hired fourteen men. His men find him to be incompetent.
1669 – Militia companies formed and involved all men aged 16 to 60. The «Capitaine de malice » was a habitant not a nobleman. These men were civilians trained to defend their country in an emergency.
September 1669 - La Salle reaches North shore of Lake Erie.
November, 1669 - La Salle deserts his men and disappears into the bush.

1670 - The Hudson’s Bay Company is founded by royal charter and, underwritten by a group of English merchants, is granted trade rights over Rupert’s Land -- i.e., all territory draining into Hudson Bay (May 2).
Summer of 1670 - La Salle resurfaces in Montreal at the end of the summer.

1671 - The first Acadian Census in Port Royal. The total count was 392 people, 482 cattle, and 524 sheep.

1672 - Comte de Frontenac becomes governor general of New France, later quarrelling frequently with the intendant and the bishop.

1673 - Frontenac sends Marquette and Jolliet to explore the Missippi.
1673 – With Frontenacs & local Iroquois permission, Lasalle builds Fort Frontenac (Kingston)
1673 – Royal decree prohibits (on penalty of death) anyone from leaving homes and wandering woods for more than 24 hours without permission and permit from the government.
1673-1682 - The Mississippi River is explored by Marquette & Joliette,
then Duluth, followed by La Salle

1674 - Laval becomes the first bishop of Québec.

1675-1700 - Compagnie Oudiette - fur monopoly

1775 - Bifocals (combining convex and concave lenses to correct both nearsightedness and farsightedness) were invented by Benjamin Franklin

September, 1678 - Lasalle and 30 greenhorns from France build more forts at Niagara Falls and explores Lake Michigan, and goes down to Illinois

1679 – The Intendent (Duchesneau) states there to be “nearly” 500-600 coureurs de bois in the interior. Most historians believe Duchesneau to be exaggerating. Louise Dechêne states that the numbers must be highly exaggerated based on numbers of imports. More likely 100, if that, backed by merchants. (Dechêne p. 92)

1680 - The Saint Lawrence Seaway begins in 1680 with the building of a canal between Lac St-Louis and Montreal

1681 - Census count
1681 - Licensing established and trade can only be legally conducted by those with a license (congé). The terms “Voyageur” and “Engagé” emerge.

January, 1682 - Lasalle and 23 Frenchmen & 18 natives, go to Chicago, then reach the Mississippi, eventually reaching Venice, Louisiana.

24 July 1684 - With 228 people from LaRochelle, France set sail for Louisiana.

1685 – Cash Flow problems occurred – coins from France arrived late. The Intendant uses the back of playing cards to indicate the amounts owed by the government

1686 - De Troyes and D’lberville capture three major English trading posts on James Bay (June-July).

March, 1687 – Out of 228 only 36 survive. Lasalle shot point blank in Texas by his own men.

1689 - The Iroquois kill many French settlers at Lachine.

1690 - The English capture Port Royal - Phips begins his siege of Quebec - Canadian raids against Casco, Salmon Falls and Corlear - Iberville sails into Hudson Bay - Dorchester, New Brunswick is settled

1692 - Madeline de Vercheres defends her families fort near Montreal at the age of 14

1693 - The English retake Fort Albany from the French

1696 - All western posts and trade closed. Illegal activities continue.

1697 - The Treaty of Ryswick assures that all captured territories in the struggle between England and France are returned. (N.A. given back to the French)

1700-1706 - Compagnie de la colonie - fur monopoly

1690 - Sent by Massachusetts, Sir William Phips captures Port Royal (May 11). Frontenac repels Phips’ attack on Québec (October). These events are part of what is sometimes called King William’s War.

1701 - Kondiaronk, also called The Rat, a Huron Nation man of peace dies in Montreal, 1701

1701-1702 - Having begun in Europe in 1701, The War of the Spanish Succession spreads to North America (Queen Anne’s War) in Acadia and New England.

1704 - New flood of card money in Canada - French raids against Deerfield Mass

1706-1717 - Consortium Aubert-Neret-Gayot - fur monopoly
1706 - Opening of Montreal’s public marketplace

1709 - In New France, slavery becomes legal.

1710 - Francis Nicholson captures Port Royal for England.
1711 - Abortive invasion of New France by English. Walker’s fleet is wrecked on the Ile-aux-Oeufs

1713 - The Treaty of Utrecht ends Queen Anne’s War, confirming British possession of Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and Acadia (except L’Ile - Royale [Cape Breton Island]).

1713 - France starts building Fort Louisbourg near the eastern tip of L’Ile-Royale. [Cape Breton Island]

1714 - Amnesty granted to coureurs de bois and granted again 1716

1717-1719 - Compagnie d'Occident - fur monopoly

1719-20 - Revocation of licenses and trade system. Licenses however were still issued, against the King’s orders, in the colony. (Kent, RS p. 229)
1719-1760 - Compagnie des Indes - fur monopoly

1720 French settlers arrive to farm on Île St. Jean (P.E.I.).

1728 - Trade renewed
(Dechêne states that congés were reestablished between 1716-19 suppressed again and then reestablished in 1726)

1729 – Hocquart became Intendant. Diversified economy, by building more roads,ships & establishing foundaries at Trois Riviere, St Maurice.

1730 - The Mississauga drive the Seneca Iroquois south of Lake Erie.

1734 - A Montreal slave named Marie-Joseph Angelique learns that she is to be sold to someone else. In an attempt to escape, she sets a fire in her mistress's house. The fire can not be contained, causing damage to half of Montreal. She is caught, tortured and hanged, bringing attention to the conditions of the slaves.

1735-43 - The La Vérendrye family organize expeditions beyond Lake Winnipeg and direct fur trade toward the east.

1737 - Amnesty for illegal fur trading granted again

1739 - Hocquart established foundaries at Trois Riviere, St Maurice.
1739 - La Vérendrye expedition reaches Lake Winnipeg.

1740s - The Mandan Indians west of the Great Lakes begin to trade in horses descended from those brought to Texas by the Spanish. Itinerant Assiniiboine Indians bring them from Mandan settlements to their own territories southwest of Lake Winnipeg.

1742 – Licensing changed and they permitted the leasing of posts to fermiers who would resell/distribute/sublease their licenses

1740-44 - The War of the Austrian Succession in Europe sets England & France against one another with the conflict spreading again to NA.

1743 - La Vérendrye brothers find the Rockies

1744 - Having begun in Europe in 1770, The War of the Austrian Succession spreads to North America (King George’s War).

1745 - Massachusetts Governor William Shirley takes the French fortress of Louisbourg.

1746 - Typhus outbreak

1748 - Louisbourg and L’Ile-Royale are returned to France by the Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle.

1749 - Halifax is founded by Britain to counter the French presence at Louisbourg

@1750 - The Ojibwa begin to emerge as a distinct tribal amalgamation of smaller independent bands.

@1750s - German immigrants begin to arrive in numbers at Halifax.

1752 - The , the weekly Halifax Gazette, Canada’s first newspaper, is launched
March 23

1753 - The French defeat George Washington‘s military campaign

1754 - France & Britain begin to square off in a final round of struggle in the
beginning of the 7 Years War in America, though it is not officially declared for another two years.

1755 – 1757 – Smallpox outbreak
1755 - Britain expels the Acadians from Nova Scotia for their neutrality in the
English /French conflict.

1755 - The first post office opens in Halifax

1756 - The Marquis de Montcalm assumes a troubled command of French troops in North America.

1756 - The Seven Year’s War between Britain and France begins in Europe.

1757 – Famine in Quebec

1758 - Generals Jeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe take Louisbourg the French Super fortress .

1759 - Wolfe takes Québec by defeating Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham (Sept. 13), but both generals are killed.

1754 The population of New France was reported to be 55,000.
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham.

1760 - Fall of Montreal

1760 - The British Conquest. General James Murray is appointed first British military governor of Québec.

1763 - France cedes its North American possessions to Britain by the Treaty of Paris.

1763 - A royal proclamation imposes British institutions on Québec (Oct.).
Governor James Murray used British Laws, encouraged British Immigration and used schools to try to assimilate the French. Vacant land was divided into townships. No French Bishop was permitted, but Murray allowed a French bishop to be ordained He retained French civil law. Ruled by council sympathetic to the french.
Because of this he was recalled.

1763 - Western Cree and Assiniboine traders who had benefited from agreements with the French begin to lose profits to the British.

1763 – Germ warfare, using blankets infected with smallpox is used against native
peoples to quell Pontiacs Rebellion

1763 - The tenor of relations between aboriginal peoples & government is established: land is set-aside for Native people & the government has exclusive right to negotiate treaties.

1764 - Murray becomes civil governor of Québec, but his attempts to appease French Canadians are disliked by British merchants.

1765 – Smallpox outbreak. Smallpox variolation is used to immunize people

1768 - Guy Carleton succeeds Murray as governor of Québec.

1772 - The Hudson’s Bay Company opens Cumberland House on the Saskatchewan.

1763 - Treaty of Paris (Canada given to England)

1773 - The first Highlanders to come to Nova Scotia arrived on the Ship Hector at Pictou, Nova Scotia

1774 - Carleton’s recommendations are instituted in the Québec Act, which introduces British criminal law but retains French civil law and guarantees religious freedom for Roman Catholics. They are able to collect tithes. Catholicism was outlawed in Britain. The Act’s geographical claims were so great that it helped precipitate the American Revolution.

1775 July – Smallpox outbreak in the invading American Troups. They loose a lot of their men. Smallpox saves Canada.
1775 - The American Revolution begins. Americans under Richard Montgomery capture Montréal (Nov. 13) and attack Québec (Dec. 3 1), where Montgomery is killed.
December 31, 1775: Defeat of the Americans and death of General Montgomery at the walls of Quebec.

1776 - Under Carleton, Québec withstands an American siege until the appearance of a British fleet (May 6). Carleton is later knighted.
May 19, 1776: Nineteen day flight of Sir John Johnson and tenants through the Adirondacks to Montreal.
June 19, 1776: Formation of Sir John Johnson's 1st Kings Royal Regiment of New York.
November 4, 1776: Loyalist groups join the British fleet at Crown Point.

August 6, 1777: Battle of Oriskany, on the Mohawk River.
August 16, 1777: Battle of Bennington.
September 15, 1777: Formation of Butlers Rangers.
September 18, 1777: First Battle of Freeman's Farm near Saratoga
October 16, 1777: Capitulation of General Burgoyne at Saratoga.

1778 - On the last of three voyages to the west coast, Captain James Cook travels as far north as the Bering Strait and claims Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island for the British (Mar. 29-Apr.26).

July 19, 1781: Defence of the Blockhouse in Bergen Wood, New Jersey.

1783 – Treaty of Versailles creates the border between the 2 countries at the end of the American Revolution (from the Atlantic to Lake of the Woods)
1783 - In Montréal and Grand Portage (in present-day Minnesota), the North West Company is formed by a group of trading partners.
1783 - The American revolutionary war ends. The border between Canada and the U.S. is accepted from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake of the Woods.
1783 - In the area around the mouth of the Saint John River in Nova Scotia, thousands of United Empire Loyalists of arrive to settle, with some heading on to Quebec. Loyalists are identified as those American colonists of British, Dutch, Irish, Scottish and other origins, and others who had remained loyal to their King during the American Revolution and were behind British lines by 1783. (Those who arrive after 1783 are called Late Loyalists.) Pennsylvania Germans begin moving into modern-day south-western Ontario, then south-western Québec.

May 4, 1783 : First Loyalist Landing at Port Roseway (Shelburne), Nova Scotia
May 18, 1783: Landing of the Loyalists with the Spring Fleet in St. John, New Brunswick
July 30, 1783: Landing of the 2nd Battalion, Kings Royal Regiment of New York at Cataraqui to rebuild Fort Frontenac and prepare for the arrival of Loyalists.
September 20, 1783: Cessation of hostilities in the American Revolution.
December 24, 1783: Disbandment of Loyalist troops stationed in Lower Canada.

May 22, 1784: Landing of Mohawks at Tyendinaga, the First Loyalists on the Bay of Quinte. Commemmorated annually on the Sunday nearest May 22 with a church service at the altar of the up-turned canoe.

June 16, 1784: Landing of the Peter VanAlstine's band of Loyalists in Adolphustown.
June 24, 1784: Disbandment of Loyalist Troops stationed at the Upper Posts.
1784 - With the Loyalists swelling the northern Nova Scotia population, Nova Scotia is partitioned and the province of New Brunswick is created.
1784 - Thousands of Loyalists land in modern day Ontario-- then part of Québec -- along the St. Lawrence River, the Bay of Quinte and at Niagara, establishing permanent settlements and the multicultural roots of modern-day Ontario. The English population in Quebec grows from 1% to 10%.

1785 - The city of Saint John, N.B. is incorporated. Fredericton opens a Provincial Academy of Arts and Sciences, the germ of the University of New Brunswick (1859).

1789 - At the behest of the North West Company. Alexander Mackenzie journeys to the Beaufort Sea, following what would later be named the Mackenzie River.

1791 - With western Québec filling with English-speaking Loyalists, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divides Québec into Upper (Ontario) and Lower (Quebec)Canada .

1792 - George Vancouver begins exploration of the Pacific coast.
1792 A large number of the Black Loyalists in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia migrate to Sierra Leone in West Africa, mainly because the promises of land in Canada were not kept by the British.

1793 - Mackenzie reaches the Pacific at Dean Channel.
1793 Under the leadership of Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe, Upper Canada passes a law to stop people from bringing slaves into Upper Canada. The law also frees slaves who are 25-years old or more. With this act, Upper Canada becomes the first British territory to bring in legislation against slavery, although it does not abolish slavery entirely.

1794 - An American diplomat, John Jay, oversees the signing of Jay’s Treaty (Nov. 19) between the U.S. and Britain. It promises British evacuation of the Ohio Valley forts and marks the beginning of international arbitration to settle boundary disputes.

1793 to 1815 - Golden Age of Nova Scotian privateering

1796 - About 600 Blacks from Jamaica are deported to Nova Scotia. Known as Maroons, they help rebuild the Halifax Citadel. In 1800, most of them leave for Sierra Leone, Africa.

1796 - York (Toronto) becomes the capital of Upper Canada.
1796 – Smallpox vacination is developed using the less deadly cowpox virus

1797 – Having worked for the Hudson’s Bay Company since 1784, David Thompson joins the North West Company as a surveyor and mapmaker. eventually surveying hundreds of thousands of square miles of western North America.

1798 - A new fur-trading company is formed to compete with the North West Company. Confusingly called the New North West Company, it is nicknamed the XY Company from the way it differentiates its bales from those of its competitor.

1806 - Le Canadien, a Quebec nationalist newspaper, is founded

1808 - Simon Fraser explores the river that now bears his name to the Pacific

1811 - David Thomson a surveyor & mapmaker for the North West Company charts the Columbia River to the coast.
1811 – The McIntosh apple was developed

1812 - Beginning of the War of 1812 between Canada Britain) and the U.S
1812 - Les Voltigeurs, French militia unit formed
Thomas Jefferson remarks that the capture of Canada was "a mere matter of marching"
April 27,1812 - U.S. troops attack and burn York
July 25 1813 - Battle of Lundys Lane
October 13,1812 - Issacc Brock is killed at the Battle of Queenston Heights.

October 26, 1813 – Battle of Châteauguay
November 11, 1813 - Battle of Crysler’s Farm – decisive battle of the “War of 1812”.
1813 - Can Opener was invented in Britain
August 24, 1814 - British burn Washington.
1813 - Can Opener was invented in Britain

1814 – Treaty of Ghent ends the war in 1814
1814 - The Red River settlers establish themselves in Canada’s Northwest.

1816 - Robert Semple, the governor of territories for HBC is killed by Metis allies of the North West Company, along with other Red River colonists in the Battle of Seven Oaks marking the birth of the Metis Nation.

1818 - The 49th parallel becomes accepted as the border between the US and Canada from the Lake of the Woods to the Rockies.

1821 - Hudson Bay & North West Company Join

1823 - The Passenger Act - British Ship masters now supply passengers with food & water

1825 - The Great Mirachimi Fire – North Eastern New Brunswick goes up in flames.
Many flee and resettle in the Upper Ottawa Valley, Pembroke area

1828 - Amendment to British Passenger Act - Space Between decks must be 5 1/2 feet minimum, Penalty paid if ship lands at undesignated port.

1829 - The Lachine & Welland Canals are built
1829 - A horse tramway or light rail in Nova Scotia had been operation since 1829

1832 - Cholera Epidemic killed up to 10% of the population.
Cholera Epidemic in London in 1831,1848,1853,1866
1832 - L.C. enforces 5 shillings head tax per adult, per 2 children under 14, 3 children under 7. Funds finance hospital care, or relief for new arrivals

1836 - Canada’s first rail line opens, serving from St. Johns to La Prairie.

1837 - 1837 Rebellions in Upper & Lower Canada led by Mackenzie & Papineau are unsuccessful

November 23, 1837 – Victory for the rebels at St Denis, Quebec
December 14, 1837 – Battle at St Eustache, Quebec
December 1837 - 58 Patriotes from the rebellion were sent to prison in Austrailia
December 1837 - 12 Patriotes from the rebellion were hung
December 6, 1837 – Rebel run down York street

1838 - Rebellions start in Upper and Lower Canada.

1839 Lord Durham's Report recommends union of Upper and Lower Canada, and responsible government
1839 – 1842 - "The Aroostook War was an undeclared, bloodless "war" that occurred in 1839 concerning the boundary between New Brunswick & Maine.

1841 - Upper & Lower Canada are united through the Act of Union(They become Canada East and West)

1842 Agricultural Census in Quebec

1843 - Fort Victoria is built by Britain to establish claim to Vancouver Island

1846 - Britain begins limited free trade with the US ending preferential trade with its own colonies.

1847 – Montreal Parliament buildings gutted and burned by mob outraged by the Rebellion Losses Bill.
1847 - Typhus outbreak

1848 - Irish Potatoe Famine
1848 - Connecticut outlaws slavery in 1848)

1849 - Official CDN policy of bilingualism begins.
1849 - US-CDN border at the 49th parallel is extended to the Pacific
April 25, 1849 – Parliament buildings in Montreal burned by rioters

Mid-1850’s – The game of ice hockey is devised in Canada
1851 - Census
1851 - Underground railroad networks in place for enslaved and even freed African – Americans in south-western Ontario.
1851 - Canada gains control of its postal system from Britain

1854 - 1854 The Reciprocity Treaty is signed by Canada & the US
(in effect until 1866)
1854 –Steamship the Pontiac went from Pembroke to Rapides des Joachims
1855 – Pembroke-Mattawa Road opens up the Upper Ottawa Valley

1857 - Ottawa becomes the capital of Canada
1857 – Petawawa,Rolph & Buchanan Twp were surveyed into lots
1858 B.C. is established as a Crown Colony.
1858 - Ottawa is chosen as capital
1859 Gold is discovered at Little Horsefly Creek, begins the Cariboo Gold Rush.
1860 - Cornerstone is laid of the Parliament buildings
1861 - The Grand Trunk Railway is completed
1861 Census – First census for Rolph, Buchanan & Wylie Twp

1863 - Wylie Twp was surveyed into lots

Dec 1864 – Petawawa separates from Rolph & Buchanan Twp
1864 - The Charlottetown & Quebec conferences establish the groundwork for Confederation

1866 - Resolutions are passed at the London Conference which become the basis of the British North American Act.
1866 - The first Fenian raid takes place.

1867 - Confederation, whereby the colonies become the Dominion of Canada with Sir John A. Macdonald as first prime minister. The original provinces are: Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, & Nova Scotia
1867 - Lacrosse became Canada`s official sport
1868 - Rupert’s Land is purchased by Canada from the Hudson Bay Company.
April 07, 1868 Thomas D'Arcy McGee is assassinated in Ottawa, Ontario.
Circa 1870 – Bison herds on the prairies have been so decimated by European demand, the natural materials Natives depended on are no longer readily available. They have little choice but to begin to purchase mass produced items such as copper kettles and steel utensils.

1870 - The Métis, led by Louis Riel, resists Canadian authority in the Northwest
1870 - Manitoba joins Canada
1870s –Steamship the Kipawa, built in 1895, went from Taits Landing above Da Swisha to Rocher Captaine.

1871 Census
1871 – School attendance was universal and compulsory in Canada West
1871 - Washington Treaty(Canada-U.S. relations)
1871 - B.C. joins Canada

1873 - P.E.I. joins Canada
1873 - The North West Mounted Police (NWMP) is formed and begin to go west.

1875 - The Supreme Court of Canada is established.

1876 - The Indian Act defines the special status & land regulations of aboriginal people who live on reservations; they have no vote in Canadian elections & are exempt from taxes.

1877 - St Alexander`s Catholic Mission Church in Wylie,is established. Parish of Wylie established in 1898.

May 1878 – Worthington & Company to build a railroad up the Ottawa Valley. Chalk River becomes the half way stop between Ottawa & North Ba y.

April 22,1880 – Joseph Nadeau, William Leroy & William Shields decide to erect a school. M. Leroy donates the land for it part of Lot 34, Range B.
1880 - Emily Stowe becomes the first woman doctor to receive a licence to practice medicine. Note: She was turned down by the University of Toronto and studied in the U.S.

1881 - The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated
1881 Census

1882, June 6 – The electric iron was patented by Henry W. Seeley

January 1, 1885 – Sir Sandford Fleming introduces the world to Standard Time
1885 - The last spike for the CPR is hammered in at Craigellachie, British Columbia.
1885 - Riel Rebellion - Louis Riel & the Métis clash with the NWMP at Duck Lake & are defeated at Batoche.
1885 - Riel is executed in Regina.
1885 – Smallpox outbreak in Montreal

1887 - The first provincial premier’s conference is held in Quebec City

1888 - First KODAK Camera by George Eastman, they invented flexible roll film in 1882, eliminating the necessity of using cumbersome glass plates for photography

1889 - Women begin to campaign for the right to vote.
1889 - A sewing machine for home use was designed and mass-produced. An electrically powered sewing machine was in wide use only at the turn of the 20th century, in 1905.

1890 - Manitoba Schools Question

1891 – Basketball is developed by Canadian James Naismith.
1891 Census

1892 - The Criminal Code of Canada is established by Sir John Thompson, prime minister.

1893 – The first Stanley Cup game takes place.
1893 - Algonquin Park is established as a wildlife sanctuary in Ontario
1893 - 1907 – Maytag starts to produce wash machines for the home

1895 –Steamship the EH Bronson, built in 1895, went from Pembroke to Rapides des Joachims

1896 - Laurier is voted PM on the Manitoba Schools Questions
1896 – 1914 – 3 million immigrants come to Canada

1897 - The Steamship the Victoria is a wood burning side wheeler, later renamed the Oiseau.
1897 - An immigration policy is developed to help bring farmers from Europe to settle on the Prairies.
1897 - Imperial Preference
1897 - Colonial Conference(To strengthen the Empire)
1897 - The first woman is admitted to the bar in Ontario: Clara Brett Martini
1897 - Klondike Gold Rush begins

1897 – St Anthony`s Catholic Church in Chalk River,is established

1898 - Parish of Wylie established in 1898. St Alexander`s Catholic Mission Church in Wylie was established in 1877.

1898 - Alaskan Boundary Dispute (U.S. given Alaskan Panhandle)
1898, June 13 - 1898 Yukon becomes a distinct territory from NWT
1898 – The Flashlight was invented

1899 - Start of Boer War (Canada offers transport for troops. We send our first troops to an overseas war. )

1900, April 26 - Hull devastated by fire

1901 - Marconi receives a transatlantic radio message at St. Johns, Newfoundland
1901 - Vacuum Cleaner invented by Hubert Cecil Booth
1901 Census

1905, Sept 1 - Alberta & Saskatchewan join Canada
1905 - An electrically powered sewing machine was in wide use only at the turn of the 20th century

March 20 1907 - Expropriation of property in Petawawa,McKay,Buchanan & Wylie Twp begins for the enlargement of Camp Petawawa.

1907 – “Equal pay’ for equal work” is demanded for women by the National Council for Women
1893 - 1907 – Maytag starts to produce wash machines for the home
1907 - Timothy Eaton dies

November 1907 – The Mighty Crash of 2 CPR trains kill 7 people in Moore Lake Station.
1908, October - Henry Ford produces Model Ts the first to use conveyor belt-based assembly-lines in his car factory, revolutionizing factory production. Ford manufactured affordable cars and paid high wages to his factory workers, allowing workers to buy the cars they made.

1909 – Flight of Alexander Graham Bell's wooden aircraft, the Silver Dart.
1910, May 4 - Naval Issue (Laurier builds a Canadian Navy)

1911 - 22 month Springhill coal strike ends in Cape Breton, NS
1911 – General Electric produces the first refrigerator
1911 Census

1912 - The Steamship the Oiseau is beached on the Little Presqu`Isle, Deep River Reach

1912 - Regina cyclone tears city apart in 3 monutes
1912 - First Calgary Stampede

1914, May 29 - Empress of Ireland sinks in St Lawrence
1914 – Hillcrest coal mine explosion in Alberta
1914 – Start of World War 1 (Canada automatically at war)

1915 – Battle of Ypres
1915 - Sasketchewan bans alcohol.
1915 - Nellie McClung presented the Alberta legislature with a petition demanding that women be given the right to vote. The right was granted.
John McCrae wrote “In Flanders Fields”.
1915 - Electric Dryers appeared in England and North America.

1916, Jan 28 – Manitoba women become first women in Canada to vote
1916 – Canadian women are granted the right to vote.

1917, July 25 - Income tax introduced in Canada
1917, Dec 6 - Halifax Harbour Explosion.
1917 - Battle of Vimy Ridge
1917 – 1996 – Petawawa National Forestry Institute & Petawawa Forest Experimentation Station has its beginnings
1917 - Conscription Crises – Borden wanted 500,000 more soldiers
1917 - Suffragette Mouvement

1918 – Spanish Flue kills 100,000s
1918, Jan 1 – WW1 Conscription begins
1918 - War is over(Treaty of Paris), 230,000 Canadian soldiers maimed or killed during the war to end all wars.
1918, May 24 - Canadian women over 21 get right to vote federally

1919 - Canadian National Railways incorporated
1919, May 15 - Winnipeg General Strike.

1920 - Canada joins League of Nations

1921,Oct 24 - Bluenose wins International Fisherman’s Trophy
1921 - Adoption Legislation Was Passed in Ontario

1922 - Chanak Affair
1922,Jan 23 - Insulin first applied to humans with success

1929 - Women become persons according to the Supreme Court.
October 24, 1929 – Stock Market Crashed
1929 – Beginning of the Great Depression. By 1935, more than 10% of the population will be completely dependant upon federal financial relief. 30% unemployment rate.
Bennett sets up work camps with make shift projects. Terrible pay & working conditions led to riots.

1930-1950s – Duplessis Orphans. To obtain more funding, orphans in orphanages were intentionally mislabelled as mentally deficient or insane and subjected to horrible mistreatment. 1954 a lot of orphanages and schools converted to psychiatric institutions to obtain more funding.

1930-1970s – Residential schools for Aboriginals destroy the lives of 2 generations of native people.
1930s – Baby Pablem was developed

1933 - Creation of the CCF

1934, May 28 - Dionne Quintuplet’s born in Corbeil, Ont

1938, April 13 - Grey Owl Dies – His secret is revealed

1936 – MacKenzie-King closed the work camps. He brought in UI & public works projects.

1939 - Start of WWII

1939 – Camp 33 in Petawawa became a P.O.W. camp

1940, April 25 - Women get the vote in Quebec

1940 – Electricity, paved roads & telephone come to Deep River

1942, Feb 26 - Japanese Canadians Interned and their property is confiscated.
1942 – Dieppe

1944 – Saskatchewan elects the first socialist government in North America with the CCF (fore-runners of the NDP).
April 13, 1944- Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd, chooses Buchanan Twp for it`s nuclear reactor site. Expropriation of property begins.

1945 – WWII ends. 42 000 Canadian soldiers are killed.
1945 - Canada joins UN

1946 Magnitude: 7.3 - Vancouver Island, BC / June / Widely felt. Extensive damage along the east coast of Vancouver Island; one person drowned.
1946-1950 –Construction of DesJoachims (Swisha) Dam to produce electricity

1947 - Supreme court created

1949, Mar 31 - Newfoundland joins Canada
1949 - Canada joins N.A.T.O.

1950 - Start of Korean War
1950 - Disposable diaper invented by Marion Donovan in 1950

1959, June 26 - St. Lawrence Seaway opened

1960 – The Quiet Revolution begins in Quebec.

1946-1950 –Construction of DesJoachims (Swisha) Dam to produce electricity

1960s - The dishwasher becomes a widespread labour-saving machine

1960 - Native Canadians are given the right to vote
1960, Aug 10 - Canadian Bill of Rights

1961, Nov 17 - Saskatchewan enacts Medicare

1965, Feb 15 - Maple Leaf becomes Canada’s flag
1965, Mar 29 - CPP established by the house of commons

1968 – Integration of the Armed Forces

1969, Sept 9 - Official Languages Act – Canada becomes bilingual

1970, Oct 5,8,10,16,17, - F.L.Q. Crisis – James Cross, Pierre Laporte, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau implements the War Measures act limiting the civil rights of Canadians.
1970, Dec 3 – FLQ Crisis

1972 – Canada beats Russia in hockey.
1975, Apr 2 – CN Tower completed

1974, May - June - Estimated damage: $359 million
Quebec - Floods struck hundreds of towns, with the Ottawa River basin and Montréal region hardest hit. Caused by unusually wet spring and excessive snowmelt, total damages were $359 million. Over 1000 homes and 600 cottages were flooded and 10,000 people evacuated

1975, Nov 10 – Edmund Fitzgerald sinks in Lake Superior

1976 - Canada announces a 200-mile coastal fishing zone (June 4).
1976 - René Lévesque and the Parti Québecois win a provincial election (Nov. 15).
1976 – Olympic games in Montreal
1976, July 14 - Capital punishment abolished in Canada

1977, Aug 26 - Bill 101 passes restricting English schooling to children of parents who had been educated in English schools.
1977 - Highway signs are changed to the metric system (Sept. 6).

1980 – Terry Foxes Marathon of Hope – Apr 12 – Sept 2, 2004/ June 28

1982, Apr 17 – Patriation of the Constitution

1984 – Canada Health Act passed
1984, Oct 5 – Marc Garneau becomes First Canadian in space

1985, May 31 - Tornado hits Central Ontario (Barry)
1985, June 28 – Indian Act proclaimed

1987 – Meech Lake Accord intended to bring Quebec into the constitution and agreed to by all the country’s premiers, fails when the Manitoba legislature fails to ratify the agreement.
1987, July 31 – Tornado hits Edmonton

1977, Aug 26 - Bill 101 passes restricting English schooling to children of parents who had been educated in English schools.
1977 - Highway signs are changed to the metric system (Sept. 6).

1988 – Winter Olympics in Calgary
1988 – Quebec reinstates its French-only sign law
1988, Dec 6 – Massacre at University of Montreal
November 1988 - Magnitude: 6.0 in the Saguenay region, QC. Felt in a 1,000-km radius from epicentre. Damage at Jonquière, Chicoutimi, La Baie, Québec and as far away as Montréal.

1989 – After much heated debate on both sides of the border, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between Canada, the United States and Mexico, goes into effect.

1990, Jul – Sep – Oka crisis July 11 – Aug 28 – Sept 26. Mohawks and government military forces engage in an armed stand-off in Oka, Quebec.
1991 – Canadian forces join the Gulf War in Iraq.
1991 – Canada’s first woman premier – Rita Johnson, 29th Premier of British Columbia. (April 2, 1991 – November 5, 1991)

1992 – Atlantic Canada’s cod-fishing industry is shut down due to overfishing. The Charlettetown Accord, a second attempt at bringing Quebec into the constitution, is voted down in a national referendum.
1992 – Westray Coal Mine explosion in Plymouth, NS
1992, Aug 28 - Charlottetown Accord

1994 – 2nd Parti Quebecois government elected in Quebec

1993 - Canadian Relief Effort in Somalia

1995 - DNA evidence used in murder case
1995-1997 A thirteen kilometer bridge connecting Prince Edward Island to the mainland is opened.
1995, Oct 30 - Quebec 2nd Separatist Referendum – Rejects independence by 1%

1996, July - Estimated damage: $1.5 billion
Saguenay River valley, Quebec - Ten people died and 15,825 people were evacuated when floodwaters washed out thousands of homes, businesses, roads and bridges. The flooding was caused by a sustained downpour of 290 mm of rain over 36 hours.

1997, Apr-May - Red River Floods in Manitoba
1997 – The Canadian Red Cross withdraws from its role in blood services after it comes to light that, since the 1980’s, people have been receiving tainted blood.

1998, Jan 5-9 - Ice Storm in Southern Quebec & Ontario

1999 - Canadian Forces in Kosavo
1999, Apr 1 - Nunavut becomes a territory
1999, September - Estimated damage: $12 million
Maritime Provinces - Record rainfall caused by remnants of tropical storm Harvey and Hurricane Gert flooded Oxford, NS with 200 mm rain in 24 hours. Moncton, NB was forced to evacuate 30 seniors from a residence and 15 families and 10 metre whitecaps smashed the breakwater in Lord's Cove, NF, and wharves in Placentia Bay and St Brides

2002 - Canadian Forces in Afganistan
2002 - During the worst drought to hit the Canadian Prairies in over 130 years, eastern farmers send hundreds of hay-bales west in a mass effort to help Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba farmers feed their livestocks. As well, the federal government announces its intention to ratify the Kyoto agreement by the end of the year. The announcement is met with resistance from some provinces and territories.